Introduction When mainframe and minicomputers prov Essay Example For Students

Introduction When mainframe and minicomputers prov Essay NTided the backbone of business computing, there were essentially networked environments in the sense that dumb terminals shared access to a single processor (the minicomputer or mainframe), printer (or printers) and other peripheral devices. Files could be shared among users because they were stored on the same machine. Electrical and operational connections were available in common and shared applications, and implementation of new hardware, software and users was a simple task so long as a single vendor was used. With the proliferation of microcomputers in the business environment, information became distributed, located on the various hard drives attached to personal computers in an office, and difficult for other users to access. Today, network systems which connect disparate hardware, software and peripherals are commonplace, but the communication program which makes using these systems has not kept up with the demand for such environments, although a number of companies are now participating in the field. This research considers two of the most popular network operating systems (NOS), NetWare by Novell and Windows NT by Microsoft, and considers which is appropriate for business applications. Network Operating Systems Operating systems are the interface between individual programs and the user. Through the operating system, the user is able to name files, move them and otherwise manipulate them, and issue commands to the computer as to what the user wants to do. Network operating systems are similar to this, but exist (as the name implies) in the network environment. Thus a network operating system is used to issue commands to shared devices, and to provide a background against which scarce resources are divided among competing users. Ideally, the network operating system is transparent to the user, who is only aware of the ability to share information and resources. An efficient NOS can make the difference between a productive and an unproductive office, and between workers who are difficult to replace when they leave and those who are likely to be familiar with the NOS of choice. Despite their importance, network operating systems have faced challenges in the market because of the diverse hardware requirements that they must meet. Because of this, several different operating systems have been developed, some of which run in place of traditional (single-user) operating systems, and some of which run in addition to these systems. OS/2, for example, provides a multi-user environment without requiring a separate operating system. NOS development gained widespread acceptance when companies such as Artisoft (which manufactures Lantastic) introduced client software which worked with a variety of servers. This made software manufactured by companies such as Novell (which required special client-side networking software) vulnerable, and Microsofts Windows 95 quickly became the client software of choice in the market (although not always among analysts) when it was introduced since it can interface with a number of different server systems with complete transparency to the user. This is the same concept used to develop OS/2 Warp Connect. Comparison Criteria Because of the current state of the market, having 32-bit capability is a requirement in most network environments. The various NOS alternatives need to offer a strong file and print base, since that is how most users access and use the networks. Application services, which includes the ability to run messaging, database, and other server-based applications efficiently in a client/server network is an essential requirement of most modern networks. Multiprocessor support is an essential component, as is fault tolerance, high-quality development tools, and application support from third-party vendors. Hardware integration is also a key issue since the NOS should be able to run on hardware which is readily available at reasonable rates, and which is likely to continue to be available in the future. Both the type of processor and the ability to use more than one processor are important considerations in this regard. A related issue is the networking infrastructure, which includes the ease of use of the network transfer protocols and how well the server software processes multiple LAN adapters and internal routing. In addition, directory and naming services should be easy to use, and multiple operating systems (such as DOS, Macintosh, Unix, OS/2 and Windows 3. Was the USA justified in dropping the atomic bomb Essay In addition, Windows NT uses a domain naming and security setup. Similar to the naming service offered by Novell, the domain system gives users easy access to the network, but only after an exchange of verification information takes place between domain servers that trust each other. Windows NT servers are make using the Internet Protocol (IP) easier than NetWare does; IP carries the favorite sorting tags of the powerful Internet working routers, while NetWare IPX does not convey all of the routing information of IP. The situation has improved, however, now that NetWare provides NetWare/IP. Recognizing Novells strong presence in the NOS market, Microsoft has also adopted Novells network transport protocol, IPX/SPX, yielding software flexibility on servers and extended options in extensions to the network. Microsoft Windows NT Server 3.51 offers a combination of good file and print capabilities, excellent application services, and optional messaging, database, mainframe connectivity, and management applications contained in Microsofts BackOffice applications suite. The products that make up Microsoft BackOffice integrate well with one another and with the Windows NT Server to provide many of the functions a network operating environment needs. However, Windows NT Server lacks powerful naming services. Windows NT Servers naming services are based on domains, each of which can contain only one defined organization. It is possible to link domains so that users in one domain can easily access the files and services of another. However, the process of setting up and managing these links is more complex and cumbersome than working with NetWare. Conclusion Because of the way in which network operating systems are currently written, and because of the strengths and weaknesses of NetWare and Windows NT, neither solution is the appropriate solution for every type of business or every type of network environment. Instead, the type of environment in which the NOS will be placed determines the correct product. If the organization is using a local network only to store word processing and spreadsheet files and to print, then either NetWare or Windows NT offers a reasonable alternative as the NOS of choice since both handle these functions with ease. If the system includes a number of geographic locations and information and requests for functions is passed among sophisticated applications, a richer and more robust environment is needed. A number of organizations have turned to combining network operating systems in order to support these more sophisticated needs. In these situations, the users gain the strengths of both systems while eliminating their weaknesses (the domain dependence of Windows NT, for example).BibliographyDryden, Patrick. Server Tune-Up Helps NT, NetWare Efficiency. Computerworld, November 11, 1996, 65-66. Microsoft Support. http://www.microsoft. com/support/. Newman, David and David Hurd. SMP: Expect the Unexpected. Data Communications, 21 March 1996, 56-63. Stanczak, Mark. NetWare, NT Server Command-Central. PC Week, 15 January 1996, N1-N2. __________. NOSes Challenge the Power of Next-Generation Hardware. PC Week, 1 April 1996, 75-76. Support. http://support. novell.com. Surkan, Michael. NetWare SMP Cant Keep Up with the Competition. PC Week, 1 April 1996, 78. Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. Web-Server Beats Novells NetWare Entry in Both Versatility and Capacity. Byte, May 1996, 113-115.

The Paragraph Academic Essay Samples Diaries

The Paragraph Academic Essay Samples Diaries Choosing Good Paragraph Academic Essay Samples An academic letter isn't only a document that can showcase your mastery when it regards a distinct academic subject. Most likely, different evaluators will read your technical volume and your previous performance volume so the technical evaluators won't have the ability to appreciate the level of your credibility if you just include information regarding your relevant knowledge in another volume. Hence, it is going to help in drafting an ideal assignment and fetching excellent grades. Based on the discipline of education where you are in, you want to be certain your readers can observe patterns of evidence presented in order that they can clearly see how you had the ability to generate and produce insights. The Pain of 5 Paragraph Academic Essay Samples Yes, there's somebody who can aid you with your essays expert essay writers at MyPerfectWords. At our essay service, they are always delivered in a short time. These essays are occasionally called argumentative essays as a result of this. An academic essay always must be relevant. It's possible for you to discover narrative essay examples wherever you locate an excellent story. You don't have to buy a Sample essay, as it's entirely free. Now go on and construct your ideal essay, because in case you will, you absolutely can! By viewing the Sample essay, you can choose whether you ought to buy an essay for yourself. A number of the essays ask that you describe what's happening and a number of them are about why it's happening. You're predicted to persuade the readers with your arguments, so be sure to include as many supporting academic parts of evidence as you are able to. Frequently a conclusion also functions as a call for action. The law and order is also variable from 1 country to another and in some instances it varies between cities too. 5 Paragraph Academic Essay Samples - the Conspiracy Writing a synthesis paper is far more challenging than you believe! The course materials which you have to speak about within an academic essay can reflect you r degree of understanding about the matter. Since academic essays are popular in the area of education and research, you must make sure your writing is both logical, interesting and informative. An individual may order customized essays and papers by way of filling in the essential form on its website. The increasing number of essay writing services is wholly overwhelming. Thus employing an expert for doing your essays could be the correct option. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. If you are going to create a strong essay on history, then you should think about searching for support. As a way to realize that you're working with a crucial analysis, you've got to keep in mind that analysis means breaking down and studying of the parts. The introduction usually comprises minimum of 3 sentences in length. The exclusive expertise in various area of academics has made them confident in offering a totally free draft in only two ho urs any complicated requirements. Hence it's being preferred by international students to get the wanted score within a brief moment. Essay writing is a challenging business when you're at college. Pros of employing a low-cost essay service Availability Everywhere online, you can get one or other essay support. You can easily locate essay writing services which could write for you at cheap prices. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay Sometimes educational institutions wish to learn more than just your career targets. The 30-Second Trick for 5 Paragraph Academic Essay Samples Viewing a Sample essay and considering the matter of plagiarism is quite important. You are able to also check more information associated with their educational qualification and the amount of articles or essays they've delivered. To begin with, you simply locate a guideline online with examples. Reviewing some narrative essay examples will be able to help you to organize your information and help you decide how to compose each paragraph to acquire the best outcomes. Getting the Best 5 Paragraph Academic Essay Samples Each assignment differs in a way on account of the type and the subject you should handle. Before you go ahead with assigning your task to any of the professional you're requested to find the details with regard to the professional, so you could come to understand whether they'd be able to manage the task that's assigned to you. When you're assigned the job of writing the scholar ship essays, then you're in a fix that the way to handle it because for you it's among the standard task which ought to be taken care. Be precise with the aim of your writing. Always bear in mind your academic essay ought to be playful it must not bore your audience. The motive of your essay is vital to be regarded as as it can identify whether it's possible to be of help to the men and women who want a distinct educational reference. Even in the event that you take a notion from this kind of essay, make certain you produce that idea in your words and cite some appropriate source. You may acquire an idea for a starting point in your essay. The Paragraph Academic Essay Samples Cover Up If you wish to make an academic essay which is both outstanding and relevant, always set the items that we've discussed above in mind. A great deal of students have a tendency to believe that an academic essay just as with any other college essay examples is something which is too technical or definedhowever you always have the option to write one based on the way you perceive a particular subject of discussion or the way you interpret an instance or some other subjects. You've got to comprehend what sort of an article you're going to work with, and that means you can develop an appropriate tone and format of your upcoming essay. As you are reading the guide, you've got to look for details that identify the subject of the write-up.

The History of Propaganda Essay Topics

The History of Propaganda Essay TopicsThe practice of writing essays in an attempt to prove a point during World War I and World War II was common among students. Many of these students used to write propaganda essay topics that were very similar to each other.During these times, it was a great tragedy for many countries to go through such wars. The ideology of the democracies and the fascists had nothing to do with each other. In fact, they have been opposing ideals of human rights that have very little meaning in each other's ideology.To put it briefly, one group is the modern group of democratic, human rights advocates and the other group is the fascist group. While both these groups believe in human rights, what are the differences? Who do you think the real enemy of the democratic group is?Now, if we want to prove our political stance during these wars, we are going to use the things that are considered by those who have their own agenda. One of the things that we can do is the use of propaganda essay topics. Do you know that the term 'propaganda' is defined as an essay written to get the public's attention? This kind of essay writing has been used by the democratic group for some time already.Once we define this, we can see that there is a real objective of the democratic group in using this form of essay writing. What are some of the things that we can find from their ideology?The first thing that we should understand from their viewpoint is that the Democrat is a group of people who believe in the principles of liberty, democracy, justice, equality, fairness, and transparency. This means that they all believe in the idea of justice for all. Democracy is about liberty, transparency, and fairness.This is why this word 'democracy' itself is used to make us understand that democracy is about the freedom of speech, the right to free speech, civil liberties, the equal rights of all citizens, and the fair distribution of land and wealth. So what do we do?Well, we have a history of great progress when we look at the things that we were taught as children. History has told us that a lot of people will accept ideas, ideologies, and their concepts from different sources, so we can say that democracy has achieved its goals as far as the beginning of the world. We can always learn from the past, but we must be careful not to repeat mistakes.

APA Formatting - Do it Correctly

APA Formatting - Do it CorrectlyAn ace person can be the one who scores a perfect A in APA format. But to be the best, one has to know and understand the APA formatting rules and regulations. Here are some tips that one can utilize to boost his or her performance in APA.Try to organize your research paper in APA format. As stated above, it is just a guideline for your research papers. APA is just a format to organize research papers and not for your personal work. Prepare your research papers according to the APA format so that you can get higher scores.Other than APA format, one has to learn the others like APA Title Page, Abstract, Table of Contents, Glossary, and Discussion. Understanding how to use these other formats of APA helps one understand their usage. Make sure that you do not alter the structure of your paper according to the format in which it has been written. You should always write on paper according to the format that you have learned in APA.One should also understan d how to write the paper according to the APA format. When you read your APA format, think about whether you are using the right punctuation or not. Try to use only the right words to highlight the facts in your paper.To be an ace person, you should use the apt approach for every step you take while preparing your research paper. It is better to learn by doing instead of reading books and journal articles. Learn more about APA formatting so that you can learn how to improve your research skills.Ask some of your classmates if they had mastered the APA format before writing their research paper. Some students can give you ideas about some steps you can take for your own research work. If you can find some of them in a class, ask them to help you and see if you can make some changes in your research work.Try to apply the APA formatting rules for research papers to your own research papers. You can learn more from a friend's advice than a book or a journal article.

Community College Application Essay Sample

Community College Application Essay SampleIt is very important to write an essay if you are applying for any type of college. You want to make sure that you have the right points in the essay so that you are able to make a good grade in college and you do not get rejected.The first thing that you need to do is determine the length of the essay. If you are applying for a community college, then it is going to be a shorter essay because you do not need to write a long essay and you are only going to need to be able to say one point in the essay. If you are applying for a four-year college, then the essay may be longer and you are going to need to be able to say two points in the essay.You want to make sure that you have as many facts as possible in your essay so that you are able to make an accurate argument and if you are applying for a higher education you are going to have to write a paper that is going to be long and difficult to read. That is why you will need to make sure that yo u have enough facts in your essay.There are going to be many rules and regulations that are going to be involved in writing an essay so you are going to need to make sure that you are familiar with all of them before you begin writing. One of the most important rules that you need to make sure that you do not break is the rule that you do not use an essay as a cover letter.That is something that is going to be used when you are writing the student's file so you do not want to use that part of the essay as well. You want to make sure that you have a good introduction to your essay and that is where you are going to need to start.One thing that you are going to want to make sure that you do is that you do not confuse the introduction part of the essay with the body of the essay. That is where you are going to need to start the essay so you do not want to mix them up.Once you have written the introduction part of the essay, then you are going to need to start writing the body of the es say. This is where you are going to need to start telling a story about what your life has been like and what you have been through.

Nikki Giovanni free essay sample

Nikki Giovanni has evolved as writer; naturalist and a modernist later. Naturalism was a literary movement that was taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Giovanni shows naturalism in her works Poem (No Name No. 2), and â€Å"[Untitled] (For Margaret Danner)†. Just to give a little background on modernism, Modernism is when writers proclaimed a new subject matter for literature and the writer feels that its new way of looking at life required a new form, a new way of writing. The writers of this period tend to pursue more experimental and usually more highly individualistic forms of writing. Yolande Cornelia Nikki Giovanni was born June 7, 1943. She is an American poet, writer, commentator, activist, and educator. Her primary focus is on the individual and the power one has to make a difference in oneself and in the lives of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Nikki Giovanni or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nikki Giovanni is one of the best-known African-American poets who reached distinction during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Her unique and insightful poetry testifies to her own evolving awareness and experiences: from child to young woman, from naive college freshman to seasoned civil rights activist, from daughter to mother. Frequently anthologized, Giovanni’s poetry expresses strong racial pride and respect for family. Her poems are easy to read and understand and her work is capable of reaching an audience regardless of age, race, gender, or social class. In these first works, her motives are clear: the importance of raising awareness about the rights of African-Americans: the first three collections of poems, Black Feeling, Black Talk (1968), Black Judgment (1968), and Re: Creation (1970), her content was urgently revolutionary and suffused with deliberate interpretation of experience through a black consciousness. Giovanni’s first three volumes of poetry were enormously successful, answering a need for inspiration, anger, and solidarity in those who read them. She publicly expressed the feelings of people who had felt voiceless, finding new audiences beyond the usual poetry-reading public. Black Judgment sold six thousand copies in three months, almost six times the sales level expected of a poetry book. As she travelled to speaking engagements at colleges around the country, Giovanni was often hailed as one of the leading black poets of the new black renaissance. The prose poem â€Å"Nikki-Rosa,† Giovanni’s reminiscence of her childhood in a close-knit African-American home, was first published in Black Judgement. The poem expanded her appeal and became her most beloved and most anthologized work. During this time, she also made television appearances, later published as conversations with Margaret Walker and James Baldwin ( Giovanni 234) . She writes, If the Black Revolution passes you bye its damned/sure/the white reaction to it wont (Giovanni,33). Coming from her first book of poetry, this notion of a Black Revolution spreads throughout her early works. Also in her first book, Poem (No Name No. 2), she writes: Bitter Black Bitterness Black Bitter Bitterness Bitterness Black Brothers Bitter Black Get Blacker Get Bitter Get Black Bitterness NOW (Giovanni,32) Giovannis poetry shows awareness towards the mentality of an oppressed race, the anger, and the desire to break from oppression at all costs. Giovannis writings during this early period in the late sixties/early seventies were clearly centered on race and racial issues apparent in American society. But just as Giovanni says that an impersonal organization cannot define a revolution, her poetry takes a turn towards the personal. Her poetry is personal and political, often revolving around events that occur in her life. Poetry, she has written, is but a reflection of the moment. The universal comes from the particular (1). In this way, Giovanni expresses the world she sees around her by making single moment’s historic and personal feelings paramount to all. Her poetry also becomes more musical, working off of the definite alliteration of her early poetry as in Bitter Black Bitterness, but containing a lyrical style resembling famous singers like Aretha Franklin and Roberta Flack, both of whom she writes about. Giovanni, embracing sound and repetition in [Untitled] (For Margaret Danner), sings, one ounce of truth benefits like ripples on a pond one ounce of truth benefits like a ripple on a pond one ounce of truth benefits like ripples on a pond as things change remember my smile (Giovanni,137). Although Giovanni is still concerned with racial equality and similar political issues, in her later poetry, she shows a new emphasis on a universal struggle for truth, exchanging her earlier resentment, for the individual quest for beauty. She discovers a newfound statement towards reality and poetry. In the poem Poetry, found in The Women and the Men (1975), she writes: That life is precious which is all we poets wrapped in our loneliness are trying to say (Giovanni,176) Here she expresses, as she often does in her latter poetry, how lonely life is, especially a life of poetry. Giovanni says that writing poetry is a lonely profession. It is through her brutal honesty, experience, and wisdom that Nikki Giovanni is able to compile a collection of poetry that is moving and inspiring, as well as showing the vitality of all of her literary works. Giovanni came to Virginia Tech under the Commonwealth Visiting Professor program. Giovanna wanted to get away from everyone and start a new adventure. She had started her work at Warm Hearth and felt good about that. She had begun to help with the Women Artist Series. And she felt her particular skills could be of help in the areas to which Virginia Tech was committed to the humanities. For example, she accepted a permanent professorship in the Department of English. She continues her writing. Since coming to Virginia Tech, she has published a book of humorous essays titled Sacred Cows and Other Edibles. Another poem from Giovanni after her son graduated from high school , â€Å"The World Is Not a Pleasant Place to Be† has become an unfolding of events at Virginia Tech with shock and sadness. For college professors and students, it’s unnerving to think of a campus as unsafe. Also for a parent of college-age children, it’s even more terrifying. the world is not a pleasant place to be without someone a river would stop ts flow if only a stream were there to receive it an ocean would never laugh if clouds werent there to kiss her tears ( Giovanni 157 ) Even though Giovanni started doing children books, each book had a voluble lesson be hide it or to better yourself as a person. Giovanni quoted, â€Å"Writing is what I do to justify the air I breathe,† I have been considered a writer who writes from rage and it confuses me. What else do writers write from? A poem has to say something. It has to make some sort of sense; be lyrical; to the point; and still able to be read by whatever reader is kind enough to pick up the book† (Robison 2012 ) . The Grasshopper song â€Å"; which is moralistic story about working hard in order to reap rewards. In this version, Grasshopper finds himself shut out of a share of the harvest once again and decides to sue the Ants. After all, he serenaded them as they worked all summer long and it was the rhythm of his music that helped them stay on task and bring in a significant harvest. The Ants never actually asked him to play, though, did they? Lawyers take the case and the fables focus shifts from the value of hard work to the important place that art holds in our lives. Nikki Giovanni is a world-renowned poet, writer, commentator, activist, and educator. Over the past thirty years, her outspokenness, in her writing and in lectures, has brought the eyes of the world upon her. One of the most widely-read American poets, she prides herself on being a Black American, a daughter, a mother, a professor of English. Giovanni remains as determined and committed as ever to the fight for civil rights and equality. Always insisting on presenting the truth as she sees it, she has maintained a prominent place as a strong voice of the Black community. Her focus is on the individual, specifically, on the power one has to make a difference in oneself, and thus, in the lives of others. With a rare and wonderful warmth, accessibility and wit, and a sharp observation of the human condition, Giovanni reveals herself to be a woman of vision and caring, a poet with whom universal audiences can empathize and identify ( Robison 212 ). No matter what Nikki Giovanni seems to put together, whether is harsh , realist , racism , or joyful ; she can always catch a readers eye. And that’s the beauty about writing and telling a story to people that’s willing to listen. When you can relate to the reader or you want the reader to get a better understanding on what point your trying to prove. This is a quote that she used in one of her interviews with a report, sometimes gentle, sometimes angry, and always moving

Kanji for Tattoos

Kanji for Tattoos Since I receive many requests for Japanese tattoos, especially those written in kanji, I created this page. Even if you are not interested in getting a tattoo, it can help you to find out how to write specific words, or your name, in kanji. Japanese Writing First of all, just in case you are not familiar with Japanese, I will tell you a little bit about Japanese writing. There are three kinds of scripts in Japanese: kanji, hiragana and katakana. The combination of all three are used for writing. Please check out my Japanese Writing for Beginners page to learn more about Japanese writing. Characters can be written both vertically and horizontally. Click here to learn more about vertical and horizontal writing.   Katakana is generally used for foreign names, places, and words of foreign origin. Therefore, if you are from a country that doesnt use kanji (Chinese characters), your name is normally written in katakana. Please check out my article, Katakana in the Matrix to learn more about katakana. General Kanji for Tattoos Check out your favorite words at the following Popular Kanji for Tattoos pages. Each page lists 50 popular words in kanji characters. Part 1 and Part 2 include the sound files to help your pronunciation. Part 1 - Love, Beauty, Peace etc.Part 2 - Destiny, Achievement, Patience etc.Part 3 - Honesty, Devotion, Warrior etc.Part 4 - Challenge, Family, Sacred etc.Part 5 - Immortality, Intelligence, Karma etc.Part 6 - Best Friend, Unity, Innocence etc.Part 7- Infinity, Paradise, Messiah etc.Part 8   - Revolution, Fighter, Dreamer etc.Part 9 - Determination, Confession, Beast etc.Part 10 - Pilgrim, Abyss, Eagle etc.Part 11 - Aspiration, Philosophy, Traveler etc.Part 12 - Conquest, Discipline, Sanctuary etc Seven Deadly SinsSeven Heavenly VirtuesSeven Codes of BushidoHoroscopeFive Elements You can also see the collection of the kanji characters at Kanji Land. The Meaning of Japanese Names Try the All About Japanese Names page to learn more about Japanese names. Your Name in Katakana Katakana is a phonetic script (so is hiragana) and it does not have any meaning by itself (like kanji). There are some English sounds that dont exist in Japanese: L, V, W, etc.Therefore when foreign names are translated into katakana, the pronunciation might be changed a little bit. Your Name in Hiragana As I mentioned above, katakana is normally used to write foreign names, but if you like hiragana better it is possible to write it in hiragana. The Name Exchange site will display your name in hiragana (using a calligraphy style font). Your Name in Kanji Kanji is generally not used to write foreign names. Please note that although foreign names can be translated into kanji, they are translated purely on a phonetic basis and in most cases will have no recognizable meaning.   To learn kanji characters, click here for various lessons. Language Poll Which Japanese writing style do you like the most? Click here to vote your favorite script.