Psychoanalysis vs. Person-Centered Therapy Essay -- Psychology, Worth,

Person-Centered Therapy is an optimistic theory that is categorized in the humanistic approaches to therapy. PC therapy believes that human beings are intrinsically good, and are motivated to be the best that they can be (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p. 346). The theory embodies respect for individuals and values of tolerance and understanding (Brodley, 2007, p. 140). As the name implies the client is responsible for his or her own growth and improvement (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p.344). Rogers' stated that the main assumption of his approach is that â€Å"individuals have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self- directed behavior† (Rogers, 1980, p.115). One of the underlying assumptions, and main motivation, of Person-Centered Therapy is that human beings possess an innate tendency to grow and meet their full potential, or to self-actualize. Self-actualization is the inherent motivation to reach our hi ghest potential, both emotionally and intellectually (Kosslyn & Rosenberg, 2004, p. 464). Self-actualization moves one towards autonomous behavior and self-sufficiency, it enriches one’s life and enhances their creativity. It also promotes congruence, wholeness, and integration of the person. Rogers describes self-actualizing people as the fully functioning person (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p.322). Another central construct to PC therapy are conditions of worth. The conditions come from the need for positive regard. These are â€Å"conditions under which the person is judged to be worthy of positive regard† (Carver & Scheier, 2008, p. 323). Conditions of worth arise by the positive evaluation of actions or feelings from an important loved one. Initially external, they... ...entation, or several, in which they choose to practice in their professional career. Psychoanalysis and Person-Centered Therapy are just two, out of over four hundred types, of counseling approaches in use today. The constructs and theories are extremely different, however, neither can be considered right nor wrong. They are simply based on different beliefs, assumptions and viewpoints of human development and their behavior. Although, however different and unique, there are still similarities between the two types of therapy approaches. Through case examples, such as the case of D and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, the techniques and outcomes of different treatment approaches can be see in real life examples. Past research and writing support brings about contradictions, criticism and treatment outcomes to the theories and those who developed them.

16th Century Story-Romeo and Juliet

16th century was the golden period for English literature culminating from the age of Renaissance born from the deathbed of medieval scholasticism to whole new thoughts, ideas and culture. The human thoughts were free from the bondage of fixed principles of Aristotelian philosophy to the doctrines of Christianity. The period of Renaissance implied a perception of greater beauty and polish in the Greek and Latin Scholars. In other words, it was a birth of a kind of new inventiveness in classicism. The renaissance revived ancient classical learning into an arena of Dramatics. Play writers from liturgical play shifted to the miracle to morality and from the morality to the interlude and from their journey began to with the regular drama of Elizabethan age.Play writers began to avoid classicist approach in favor of originality and secular ideas defying the old conventional ways. In this air of new thoughts and ideologies and certain social obstructions plaguing the theater world, there w as born William Shakespeare, a new soul to whom Ben Johnson a worthy rival and harsh critic gave his glowing tribute with these words:â€Å"Soul of the age!Applause! Delight! the wonder of our stage !Triumph, my Britain! Thou hast one to show,To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe.He was not of an age, but for all the time. (Payne & Hunter 2003)Shakespeare genius operated in his capacity to capture the length and breath of human life’s and character in all its complexity and variety and has touched every element of human experience and every segment of human sensibility. Within his plays are interlaced the stories in all his variegated form whether it was passion of Othello or agonized sense and spirited Hamlet or the tortured souls of romantic couple Romeo and Juliet. Story of Romeo and Juliet breathes within the heart and soul of lovers for many generations ahead and is admired and loved by very one.It was Romeo & Juliet that has made Shakespeare realized his full potenti al as play writer, and he could have been 26 years old then and made him stand apart than the rest of his contemporaries.   It was written around 1595 when the major tremor struck London in 1540, and he mentioned this episode through the voice of Nurse in Act 11, scene 3, line 23. (Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation 1996)Romeo and Juliet should not be visualized as only a tragic love story but deep within lies prejudices of tradition and practices that was the hallmark of the society 16th century. Society demanded women and men, both to adhere to family honor by following the tradition of families even if it was at the cost of bloodshed and the end of love. It is a story of love that flourished even though there was a strong rivalry between two families reaching to the extent of killings.Montagues and the Capulets are enemies, always ready to take revenge on each other, entangling themselves in bloody feud on the streets of Verona. Each time one member of a family is killed, h is relatives will be eager to sort revenge by taking blood of the other and if any one found Romeo meeting Juliet, he is sure to get killed. In this environment of deep hatred and bloodshed, Shakespeare gave a very fervent place to love. Lovers enjoy each others company and bestow their affection for each other, and say all what lovers would love to say to each other. Till today, lovers take the example of love of Romeo and Juliet.It is better to die rather than live without their love, is an essence that spreads through Romeo Juliet and within all of us. They both meet strangely and it is misunderstanding that kills them both. It was the love at first sight and it is to the Shakespeare genius that he told to all the lovers the fact that love at first sight could culminate in true love.The story start with these lines:â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands uncl ean† (Act I, Prologue)And amidst all the confusions and in an effort to meet, both Romeo and Juliet die. Their death was the beginning of new rays of hope for the peace. Both died but it was the love finally that won. The play culminates with the words:â€Å"For never was a story of more woe (sorrow) Than this of Juliet and her Romeo†. (Act V, Scene III)Romeo and Juliet have all the elements that could make it a good story. It has a plot, climax, accurate settings, characters, symbolism and theme that have made it one of the masterpieces. Amidst this, Shakespeare has knitted very beautifully elements of both distressing scenes but along with that humor, bloody battles and civil enmity, and naive love and unapprised hate formed the part of this play. The setting of Romeo and Juliet took place in the cities of Verona and Mantua, Italy, within a span of four days. Majority of the action took place at Verona except the scene Act V, scene 1 which occurred in Mantua.The setti ngs reveal the social life with certain political nuances. Verona became a battlefield due to bloody revenges between Capulet and Montague families and it was a place where Romeo and Juliet were told that they should hate each other owing to their genre. Romeo and Juliet shower their love for each other at the fruitful Capulet orchard at Verona, whereas at Mantua, Romeo is exiled after he kills Tybalt.  The lovers took their lives too at the Capulet tomb.Weather also plays a most crucial aspect to settings. It is a month of July when major incidents happen. The July is a hot season good enough to escalate the tempers of every one. Temper of characters rises high quite often even at the slightest pretext and ends only after bloody revenge. Romeo in whose heart there is an ardent love for Juliet; he too takes revenge on Tybalt and is banished. In the end, without any second thought thinking Juliet is dead, he kills himself. The hot weather is also a sign of igniting the sexual and l ove passion between Romeo and Juliet.The play starts with a prologue, as was the general tendency among play writers of that era, which is followed by the sequence of events covered in five acts. Unlike other Shakespearean plays, there is a single plot, which is enacted onstage and is in chronological order. There are no flashbacks and the focus is shown on Romeo throughout the play. The structure of plot is very well developed with exposition, climax, rising and falling action, denouement and symbolism. The climax arises at several points in the story. In one of them, it reaches the point when Juliet takes a drink pretending to be dead and Romeo did not receive the correct letter.Shakespeare uses less of symbolism yet it is a very important part of the play. Light and Dark images reflects the intensity of love that is sparking between Romeo and Juliet and their glory of happiness when they are together and sadness when separated. The light and dark images are the symbolic of devili sh yet powerful forces bringing them together and also separating them. Darkness brings Romeo and Juliet together whereas light separates them, but darkness again prevails when Romeo dies. In other words, world is not stable but is a constantly changing.There is always a light after day and day after light. The other symbols are swords representing violent attitude and poison which is not basically evil as it was given to Juliet by Friar Lawrence to make her appear dead. But the irony of the fact is that this potion became a cause of the death. Thus it adopts dual purpose. It became a cause of death but rejoined the two bitter enemies. Another symbol thumb biting by the buffoonish Samson is not a very important symbol but shows the incoherent pride and vulgur display of power.Romeo and Juliet’s characters breath life but not much effort is given to character development. Unlike Macbeth, it is a plot that has generated much interest. The more emphasis is give to the character of Romeo who looses temper very soon. He is just a teen whose love at first sight changes the whole scenario and life of both the families.Shakespeare is world’s greatest play writer and all this elements are so well structured together that they make us realize emotions and appeals of lovebirds within our souls. Society crushed their love by their intriguing patterns and traditional approach, yet from the play, also emerges that eventually in the end it is the love only that always blossom.Romeo and Juliet is a true reflection of society of 15-16th century. Royal families pride and their sense of revenge take their and their relatives and even their children on the bed of blood. But this is not an end though Romeo and Juliet died yet they are there within all of us inspiring in us the true love.With poetic diction and eloquent words, Shakespeare challenges the old traditional ways to give fresh lease of life. It is an end of Romeo and Juliet but a beginning for many more Rom eo and Juliet’s in this world.REFERENCE LISTBates Alfred. 1906. ROMEO AND JULIET: An analysis of the play by Shakespeare The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization Vol. 14. pp. 6-13. London: Historical Publishing Company. Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.theatrehistory.com/british/romeoandjuliet001.htmlHazlitt William. 1817. ROMEO AND JULIET: An analysis of the play by William Shakespeare. (Originally published in Characters of Shakespeare's Plays. London: C.H. Reynell) Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from W.W.W:http://www.theatredatabase.com/16th_century/william_shakespeare_010.htmlJohnson Bill. The Power and Passion of Love and Hate: A Review of Romeo and Juliet. Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.storyispromise.com/rjoutlin.htmMabillard   Amanda. 2000. (Updated: 2006) An Analysis of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.   Shakespeare Online. Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from http://www.shakespeare-online.com/playanal ysis/romeocommentary.htmlMowat Barbara A.   and Werstine Paul. 1992. Romeo and Juliet. New Folger Library Shakespeare edition.Payne Michael & Hunter John. 2003. Renaissance Literature: An Anthology. Blackwell Publishing.Shakespeare William.2001. Romeo and Juliet (Contributor Roma Gill) Published by Oxford University Press.Siegal Paul N. 1961. Christianity and the Religion of Love in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare Quarterly 12(4) pp. 371-392Smirnov Aleksandr. 1936. Shakespeare: A Marxist Interpretation. (Translated by SONIA VOLOCHOVA, Transcribed by Sally Ryan for marxists.org, 2000.) New York: The Critics Group.Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. 1996. The Tragedy. Retrieved on January 13, 2008 from W.W.W: http://www.romeoandjuliet.com/setting/tragedy.html

Middle East Countries with Nuclear Weapons

Code Of Ethics And Conduct - 1896 Words

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Checkpoint’s code of ethics and conduct provides a guide to its employee and stakeholders for honest and ethical conduct. This project is aimed at evaluating Checkpoint’s code of conduct to identify the areas that require improvement and propose an improvement plan accordingly. INTRODUCTION Established in 1993, by Chairman and CEO Gil Shwed, Check Point software technologies first pioneered the I.T. security industry with FireWall-1 and its patented Stateful inspection technology, which is still the foundation for most networkShow MoreRelatedEthics And Code Of Conduct900 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals develop a code of ethics based on their personal values and beliefs it is important that we always act in a manner that is appropriate to our code of ethics. This paper will talk about what a code of conduct is, my personal code of conduct, Entergy’s code of con duct, and why ethics statement is so important. 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Essay on Market Efficiency - 2044 Words

Market Efficiency In simple Microeconomics Market efficiency is the unbiased estimate of the actual value of the investment. The stock price can be greater than or less than true value till the time these deviations are arbitrary. Market efficiency also states that even though investor has got any kind of precise inside information will be unable to beat the market. Fama (1988) has defined three levels of market efficiency: 1. Weak-form efficiency Asset prices instantly and completely reflect all information of the previous prices. This means future price variations can’t be foreseen by using preceding prices. 2. Semi-strong efficiency Asset prices entirely reflect all of the publicly available data. Therefore, only investors with†¦show more content†¦Campbell (2000) concludes that despite difficulties, the proof for predictability has rational significant level of statistics. Most financial economists have accepted that aggregate returns do contain an important predictable element. 1. Dividend Yield Dividend price ratio of a stock is dividend received during a period divided by the price of the stock at the end of the period. Dividend yield is mathematically calculated by dividing the dividends received during the period by the price of the stock at the beginning of the period. Dividends yield is the measure of cash flow for each pound invested in an equity position. Supposedly, there are two companies C1 and C2. Both pay annual dividend of  £1. Stock of C1 and C2 is traded at  £10 and  £20 respectively. Then C1 has 10% dividend yield whereas C2 has only 5% dividend yield. The investor will surely prefer investing in C1 rather than C2. According to Fama (1988)’s certainty model dividend per share for a period grows at a constant rate and market interest rate which links future dividends to stock price is also constant. D(t)/ P(t-1) = r-g But, according to Goyal (2003) it has been observed that over the period dividend price ratio have become non-stationary. 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IT Control Free Essays

IT control is â€Å"A policy that provides a reasonable assurance that the information technology used by an organization operates as expected, that the data is reliable and the organization is in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.† It can be categorized into the management controls and application controls. Insufficient IT control means the organization fails to protect the information asset, which means the organization is more likely to suffer losses from the exploited threats. We will write a custom essay sample on IT Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now Log review is one of the IT control practice, it is the process of recording events that happened on the system, e.g. User login and Modification on files content. By monitoring system activity, it helps to detect any malicious activities that act against the system. For instance, if a company does not establish proper control: fail to create and review logs regularly, it fails to discover the malicious act of the staff: an IT staff tried to turn off / disable the system firewall without specific reason during business operating hours. This act allows all data packets to enter and exit the network unrestrictedly and put the system network at risk. Without the firewall protection, some malware includes computer viruses; worms and Trojan horses can easily spread across the network connection and infect all the computers that attached to the local area network. Therefore, data inside the system can be destroyed or stolen. Not only disrupting the business operation, the stolen data (include confidential information like customer banking account details) may also be released to an unauthorized party for conducting financial crimes – cause of data breach. The company may fine by the information commissioner’s office as it violates the data protection rule and expose customer sensitive information. We can see that insufficient IT control makes organizations become more vulnerable to outsiders’ attacks. Companies will find out that it is more difficult to retain customers due to their bad reputation and competitive disadvantages. How to cite IT Control, Papers

E-Commerce System Electronic Commerce Research

Question: Discuss about the E-Commerce System for Electronic Commerce Research. Answer: Introduction The development of business organization has been a result of the introduction of the E-commerce system operations of the organization. The use of the technological advancement and improved tools has helped in easing the operations of the business organization (Chiu et al. 2014). The E-commerce system provides the edge for increasing their business operations. The report has been made for analyzing the functions and development of E-commerce system for the operations of business organization. The study has been conducted by analyzing different journal articles like A case study of E-Commerce Strategies for Retail Businesses, Consumption of E-banking services by consumers in Pakistan and The Adoption of e-Banking: The Case of Omani Banks. A detailed critical analysis has been done in the report on the topic of E-commerce system. Role of E-commerce in expansion of market based business model E-commerce plays a very vital role for the expansion of the business operations and it improves the functionality of the organizations (Fang et al. 2014). The study and evaluation of the journal article A case study of E-Commerce Strategies for Retail Businesses consists of three case studies. The role of E-commerce for the expansion of market based business model has been described below: Capture of Emerging Markets: The Muldoons Mens Wear had been largely assisted for capturing the emerging market by the use of the E-commerce strategies and system. The reach of their products and name increased in nearby markets (Huang and Benyoucef 2013). The E-commerce has helped them to sustain local as well as some global market. Increased Customers: Muldoons Mens Wear has seen the growth of the number of customers with the implementation of the E-commerce and online facilities. The online shopping process has incremented the overall customers interest in the shop and their products. Focus on a specific group: The use of E-commerce strategies and system would help the business organization for focusing on a specific group of customers (Choi et al. 2013). The DetailsDirect have used E-commerce strategies and system for establishing their operations on a niche market and promoting their products for women and children. Variety of products: The E-commerce activities would provide the ease of promoting and marketing any specific product. The DetailsDirect has applied the E-commerce strategies and system to promote specific products and for attracting customers. Management of both online and traditional stores: The advent of E-commerce strategies and system has helped Totally Fun Toys for managing both online operations and traditional sales operation. The use of E-commerce activities would help in aligning the operations of the business organization for the business organization. Market Program Affiliation: The market program affiliation is also carried by the Totally Fun Toys with the assistance of E-commerce strategies and system. It has helped the company for allowing other companies to post and sell their products on the website of the Totally Fun Toys. However, the use of E-Commerce strategies and system has also resulted in bringing strong competitors, privacy issues, and security flaws for the business organization. These issues have to be dealt and overcome for getting the benefit of the E-commerce system and strategies. The growth of technologies has made the process of getting into the system possible (Da Costa 2016). Many cyber criminals and hackers get into the information system of different banks for extracting information from it. The information stolen can be misused for harassing the person and extracting economic benefit from them. Change of Relationship among vendors and suppliers with E-commerce The use of E-commerce would be helpful for establishing the relation between the vendors and the suppliers (Barnes and Hunt 2013). The companies doing E-commerce activities do not buy product and sell it from their inventory. They use the suppliers for delivering the product to the customers. The operations of the companies can be improved by the use of E-commerce processes for communicating with the different suppliers and vendors. The use of E-commerce would be helpful for establishing the relation between the vendors and the suppliers. There are many benefits for the use of E-commerce such as ease of communication, faster services, information sharing, accessibility, and proposals and offers that has changed the relation and operations between the vendors and suppliers (Zou et al. 2014). They are- Ease of communication: The development of business operations with the aid of E-commerce has resulted in increasing the efficiency of communications with different vendors and suppliers (Einav et al. 2014). The E-commerce acts as a platform for storage of data and information of the business organizations. These data can be sent to respective supplier and vendor for easing the process of communication with them. Hence, the process of the communication has been largely benefited with the assistance from the E-commerce system. Faster services: The most important benefit of the E-commerce system is the provision for faster services for the operations of business organizations (Campbell, Wells and Valacich 2013). The E-commerce system had assisted the organization for improving their operations and for getting faster services from the suppliers and providing faster services to the vendors. The relationship with the vendors and suppliers has been largely improved with the help of E-commerce activities. Information sharing: The E-commerce acts as a platform for storage of data and information of the business organizations (Sila 2013). The data storage in the E-commerce system is automatic and the data can be updated faster than traditional business organizations. These data can be sent to respective supplier and vendor as a mean for information exchange. The information includes data like stock requirements, order details, estimated price and profit margin required. It would help the company for getting the services with minimum chances of error. Accessibility: The E-commerce has acted as the platform for accessing information and data (Da Costa 2016). Even the operations of the business organization and strategies can be improved by the help of access to prior records and data. The use of the E-commerce platform would assist the business organization for large set of data access and preparation for future outcomes. Proposals and offers: The use of E-commerce system has helped in providing various offers, schemes and proposals to the vendors or suppliers. It has helped in making a friendly relation with the suppliers and vendors and increasing the transactions. Barriers of E-banking for customers and banks E-banking refers to the term used for the process of using the Internet as a source of banking operations (Goi 2015). The transactions such as payment, balance enquiry, and mini statement can be completed with the help of online options on the bank site. The growth and development of the e-commerce has been possible with the help of implementation of the e-banking processes. The technology acceptance model has been specifically used for describing the relationship among the system designs and its operations. There are three main predictors for the use of internet as an option for the banking activities and they are Trust, Compatibility, and Ease of Use (Chong, Seow and Lee 2015). The barriers to the use of E-banking are primarily the security issues. Some other barriers are lack of knowledge and complexity. They have been explained in the following points: Security issues: Security is the most primary issue that plays a major role for development or uproot of any system (Fonseca 2014). The E-banking system includes the operations of banks such as payment, balance enquiry, and statements. These operations require the storage of huge amount of data and information such as account and personal details of the customers. Hence it is very important for keeping these information and data secured and confidential. The different security designs and features like firewall and IDS are used for protecting the system from any external infiltration (Liebana-Cabanillas, Munoz-Leiva and Rejon-Guardia 2013). However, the growth of technologies has made the process of getting into the system possible. Many cyber criminals and hackers get into the information system of different banks for extracting information from it. The information stolen can be misused for harassing the person and extracting economic benefit from them. Lack of Knowledge: The other barriers for the development and implementation of E-banking system for all the banking operations include the lack of knowledge (Mermod 2015). The technology has been in state of forever modifications and there is always scope for development of their functions. It has been seen that every year some new technology (latest technology discovered is Nano Technology) has been developed and is made ready for implementation in the commercial operations (Kumar and Sriram 2016). However, the human insights are limited for understanding all aspects of technology in whole. Complexity of operations: The other barriers for the development and implementation of E-banking system for all the banking operations include the barrier of complexity (Fatima 2015). The system defined for the operations of E-banking system include a system structure where all the processes take place systematically. The advancement of the technology has increased the operations of the business organization and brought about a number of functions in the E-banking system (Jaiswal, Awasthi and Bhasin 2015). It has resulted in increasing the level of complexities of understanding the system and operations. Hence, the small scale industries avoid the system due to its complex structure and operations. Dependency on Internet: The E-commerce system has to be dependent on the Internet services that might not work all time due to any technical errors (Pham et al. 2013). The E-banking transactions can fail due to server crash and run time errors. Hence the E-banking system lacks the operation functionality in case of Internet issues. Absence of training programs: The lack of advanced training programs for the operations of E-commerce system has resulted in limiting the scope for the development of the E-commerce system. The overall benefits of the use of E-banking include the features of time saving, easy to use, and cost efficient (Fonchamnyo 2013). Hence, a strong E-banking structure must be made for dealing with the security flaws and other barriers. Recommendations for E-banking system The business organization has been using the technological advancement and improved tools for easing their operations. They have incorporated E-banking for optimizing their banking operations such as transactions of payment, balance enquiry, and mini statement. The e-commerce has been possible with the help of implementation of the e-banking processes. However there are some barriers to the use of E-banking like the security issues, lack of knowledge and complexity. These barriers have affected the utilization of the E-banking system for the business organization. The suggestions for the business organization are- Improved security: The improved security designs of the E-banking system would assist in easing the operations and implementation of the E-banking system. The improvement of the security features could be achieved by the use of the technological development. The different security designs and features like firewall and IDS are used for protecting the system from any external infiltration. Secured Design of operations: The secured designs would ease the process for implication of the E-banking system. The secured design would help in assisting the privacy of information and data stored. The secured design would require the implementation of the security features mentioned above. The IDS and IPS works in pair for detecting any intrusion in the system or network. The IDS would alert the system for intrusion by sending a signal or message to the main server for ceasing all the operations of the system or server. However, IPS would be helpful for keeping the extrusion away from the main system. Training of members: The E-banking system has the disadvantage of members of the organization not understanding the system and its operations. The E-banking technology has developed with the vast stretch of technology and techniques. The advancement of the technology has resulted in increasing the level of complexities of understanding the system and operations. The lack of understanding can be dealt by training the employees to deal with the problems faced in using the E-banking system. Limitation of Access: The private and confidential information like account and personal details of the customers and bank records is very confidential and it is important for keeping these information and data secured and private. The limitation of the access to information and data would assist in keeping the data privacy checked and regulated from infiltration. It can be implemented by using authorization and verification of user with the help of password system. App Development: The modern technology like Smartphone can also be used for improving the operations of the E-banking. An app for Smartphone must be used for improving the operations of the e-banking system. Hence, it can be said that the use of E-banking can be improved by integrating the operations of the business organization with improved security features and secured designs. The E-banking structure and operational features has to be incorporated and made clear to the members of the organization. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that the E-commerce and E-banking plays a major role for the operations of present business structure. The report has been made for the analysis of the E-commerce system and its role in operations of the business organization. The study has been done by researching the provided. The role of the E-Commerce and E-banking in the business organizations are for capture of emerging markets, increasing customers, focusing on a specific group, introducing variety of products and services, management of both online and traditional stores, market program affiliation, transactions of payment, balance enquiry, and mini statement. 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